Acute aortic syndrome review

Resumen

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is defined as the set of acute processes of the aorta whose clinical manifestations are similar. Its pathophysiology can have two origins: 1. injury at the level of the intima or middle layer of the aortic wall, which allows blood flow from the aortic lumen to the middle layer, 2. rupture of the vasa vasorum that causes hemorrhage within the middle layer. Both processes may favor the development of an intramural hematoma (IMH), penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), or acuteaortic dissection (AD). The incidence of AAS is about 30 cases per million inhabitants per year, of which 80% are dissections, 15% intramural hematomas and 5% penetrating ulcers. In recent years, a great advance has emerged in diagnostic imaging techniques for AAS, as well as the improvement of endovascular treatment, which increases the expectations regarding treatment and prognosis of acute aortic syndrome.